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Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) Installation On Fedora 26 (F26)
Do not install Oracle on Fedora before reading this!
This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1) 64-bit on Fedora 26 (F26) 64-bit. The article is based on a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap and secure Linux set to permissive. An example of this type of Linux installation can be seen here.
- Download Software
- Unpack Files
- Hosts File
- Set Kernel Parameters
- Setup
- Installation
- Database Creation
- Installation Problems
- Post Installation
Download Software
Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.
- OTN: Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) Software (64-bit).
- edelivery: Oracle Database 12c Release 1 (12.1.0.2) Software (64-bit)
Unpack Files
Unzip the files.
unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_1of2.zip unzip linuxamd64_12102_database_2of2.zip
You should now have a single directory called "database" containing installation files.
Hosts File
The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.
<IP-address> <fully-qualified-machine-name> <machine-name>
For example.
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 192.168.56.141 fedora26.localdomain fedora26
Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.
fedora26.localdomain
Set Kernel Parameters
Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf".
fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 1073741824 kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 kernel.panic_on_oops = 1 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited.
/sbin/sysctl -p # Or /sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf
Add the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall.conf" file.
oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 32768 oracle hard memlock 134217728 oracle soft memlock 134217728
Stop and disable the firewall. You can configure it later if you wish.
# systemctl stop firewalld # systemctl disable firewalld
Set SELinux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.
SELINUX=permissive
The server will need a reboot for the change to take effect.
Setup
Before we consider the packages required by the Oracle installation, it's probably worth making sure some basic package groups are installed.
# Use desktop of your choice. dnf groupinstall "MATE Desktop" -y dnf groupinstall "Development Tools" -y dnf groupinstall "Administration Tools" -y dnf groupinstall "System Tools" -y dnf install firefox -y
If you have installed the suggested package groups, the majority of the necessary packages will already be installed. The following packages are listed as required, including the 32-bit version of some of the packages. Many of the packages should be installed already.
dnf install binutils -y dnf install compat-libstdc++-33 -y dnf install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y dnf install gcc -y dnf install gcc-c++ -y dnf install glibc -y dnf install glibc.i686 -y dnf install glibc-devel -y dnf install glibc-devel.i686 -y dnf install ksh -y dnf install libgcc -y dnf install libgcc.i686 -y dnf install libstdc++ -y dnf install libstdc++.i686 -y dnf install libstdc++-devel -y dnf install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y dnf install libaio -y dnf install libaio.i686 -y dnf install libaio-devel -y dnf install libaio-devel.i686 -y dnf install libXext -y dnf install libXext.i686 -y dnf install libXtst -y dnf install libXtst.i686 -y dnf install libX11 -y dnf install libX11.i686 -y dnf install libXau -y dnf install libXau.i686 -y dnf install libxcb -y dnf install libxcb.i686 -y dnf install libXi -y dnf install libXi.i686 -y dnf install make -y dnf install sysstat -y dnf install unixODBC -y dnf install unixODBC-devel -y dnf install zlib-devel -y
Create the new groups and users.
groupadd -g 54321 oinstall groupadd -g 54322 dba groupadd -g 54323 oper #groupadd -g 54324 backupdba #groupadd -g 54325 dgdba #groupadd -g 54326 kmdba #groupadd -g 54327 asmdba #groupadd -g 54328 asmoper #groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle passwd oracle
We are not going to use the extra groups, but include them if you do plan on using them.
Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1 chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 775 /u01
Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" storage should be reserved for the OS.
If you are using X Emulation, login as root and issue the following command.
xhost +<machine-name>
Edit the "/etc/redhat-release" file replacing the current release information "Fedora release 26 (Twenty Six)" with the following.
redhat release 7
Login as the oracle user and add the following lines at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file.
# Oracle Settings export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=fedora26.localdomain export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1 export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0.2/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=cdb1 export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
Installation
Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.
DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY
Perform a software-only installation either using interactive mode (GUI) or silent mode.
# Interactive mode (GUI). cd /u01/software/database ./runInstaller # Silent mode (software unzipped below "/u01/software") cd /u01/software/database ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -showProgress -silent \ -responseFile /u01/software/database/response/db_install.rsp \ oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=fedora26.localdomain \ UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \ INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \ SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB \ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1 \ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \ oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \ oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba \ oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba \ SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \ DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
Clean up some library stubs and relink the software. Thanks to Andy Campbell for telling me about this solution.
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib/stubs mkdir BAK mv libc* BAK/ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/relink all
If you are running on a newer chipset and get an error during the relink, check out the second point in the Installation Problems section about rebuilding the Perl installation before continuing to create a database.
Database Creation
You should now be able to create a database in the normal way using the DBCA in interactive (GUI) or silent mode. Here is the silent mode database creation I used.
# Interactive mode (GUI). dbca # Silent mode. dbca -silent -createDatabase \ -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \ -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \ -characterSet AL32UTF8 \ -sysPassword OraPasswd1 \ -systemPassword OraPasswd1 \ -createAsContainerDatabase true \ -numberOfPDBs 1 \ -pdbName pdb1 \ -pdbAdminPassword OraPasswd1 \ -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \ -automaticMemoryManagement false \ -totalMemory 1536 \ -storageType FS \ -datafileDestination "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/" \ -redoLogFileSize 50 \ -emConfiguration NONE \ -ignorePreReqs
You should now have a functioning database.
Installation Problems
If you are doing this installation in a VM on a Mac/PC with a new-ish chipset, you may encounter some issues, especially around the Perl installation. If so, check out these notes.
During the linking phase, you may see the following error.
Error in invoking target 'irman ioracle' of makefile '/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk'
To fix it, run the following command as the "oracle" user, then click the "Retry" button.
cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/jdk/jdk6/lib/libjavavm12.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib/
During the database creation as part of the installation, or after when using the DBCA, you may get the following error or a "ORA-12547: TNS: lost contact".
Error while executing "/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/rdbms/admin/dbmssml.sql". Refer to "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/dbmssml0.log" for more details. Error in Process: /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1/perl/bin/perl
To fix it, follow the instructions to rebuild Perl as described towards the end of this post by Laurent Leturgez. You will have to redo the database creation.
Follow that fix up with a relink performed by using a make install, rather than a conventional relink.
ln -s /usr/bin/perl $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib mv config.o config.o.bad cp $ORACLE_HOME/javavm/jdk/jdk6/lib/libjavavm12.a $ORACLE_HOME/lib/ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib make -f ins_rdbms.mk install cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib make -f ins_net_server.mk install
The DBCA should now work normally.
Post Installation
Edit the "/etc/redhat-release" file restoring the original release information.
Fedora release 26 (Twenty Six)
Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.
cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/db_1:Y
For more information see:
- Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux
- Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Linux
Hope this helps. Regards Tim...