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Oracle Database 10g (10.1.0.2) RAC Installation on Tru64 5.1b

This article is intended as a brief guide to installing Oracle Database 10g (10.1.0.2) Real Application Clusters (RAC) on Tru64 5.1b. It assumes that the servers are using a cluster file system and all hardware cluster setup has been completed.

Download Software

Download Alpha Java SDK SDK v 1.4.2-3.

Download the Oracle installation files from otn.oracle.com.

Unpack Files

First unzip the files.

gunzip ship_10g_crs_disk1.cpio.z
gunzip ship_10g_db_disk1.cpio.z
gunzip ship_10g_db_disk2.cpio.z

Next unpack the contents of the files.

mkdir crs
mv ship_10g_crs_disk1.cpio crs
cd crs
cpio -idmv < ship_10g_crs_disk1.cpio
cd ..
cpio -idmv < ship_10g_db_disk1.cpio
cpio -idmv < ship_10g_db_disk2.cpio

You should now have two directories (Disk1 and Disk2) containing the database installation files, along with a "crs" directory containing a Disk1 directory for the cluster ready services software.

Set Kernel Parameters

For a complete list of kernel settings read Configure Kernel Subsystem Attributes on Tru64 UNIX.

The current settings can be viewed using the following commands.

/sbin/sysconfig -q ipc
/sbin/sysconfig -q proc

If any settings need to be altered they can be added to the end of the "/etc/sysconfigtab" file. The typical alterations are.

vm:
  new_wire_method = 1 # Set to 0 if <= 5.1b PK2
  vm_bigpg_enabled = 0

ipc:
  shm_max = 4278190080 # (4 GB less 16MB)
  shm_min = 1
  shm_mni = 256
  shm_seg = 256

proc:
  max_per_proc_stack_size = 33554432
  per_proc_stack_size = 8388608
  max_per_proc_data_size = 335544320
  per_proc_data_size = 335544320
  max_per_proc_address_space = 1073741824 # or RAM (whichever is greater)
  per_proc_address_space = 1073741824
     
rdg:
  msg_size = 32768
  max_objs = 5120
  max_async_req = 256
  max_sessions = 500
  rdg_max_auto_msg_wires = 0
  rdg_auto_msg_wires = 0

inet:
  udp_sendspace = 65536
  udp_recvspace = 65536

rt:
  aio_task_max_num = 8193

vfs:
  fifo_do_adaptive = 0

Check Metalink Note: 169706.1 to confirm the current best settings.

With the file created it can be applied by issuing the following command on each node.

/sbin/sysconfigdb -m -f sys_tuning.stanza

Once the file is applied check for, and remove, any duplicate or conflicting entries (like vm_swap_eager) in the /etc/sysconfigtab file. The server must be rebooted to take on the new settings. This can be done using the following command.

shutdown -r now

The performance of gettimeofday() can be improved in Oracle by performing the following as root on each node.

mknod /dev/timedev c 15 0
chmod 664 /dev/timedev

Setup

Install the Java development kit.

mkdir /tmp/java142
cp java142-3.tar /tmp/java142/
cd /tmp/java142
tar -xvf java142-3.tar
setld -l /tmp/java142

Choose the option to load all subsets.

Create the new groups and users. Since the environment is clustered this only needs to be done on a single node.

# addgroup
Enter a new group name or <Return> to exit: oinstall
Enter a new group number [200]: <CR>
Group oinstall was added to the /etc/group file.

# addgroup
Enter a new group name or <Return> to exit: dba
Enter a new group number [201]: <CR>
Group dba was added to the /etc/group file.

# adduser
Enter a login name for the new user (for example, john): oracle
Enter a UID for (oracle) [101]: 400
Enter a full name for (oracle): Oracle software owner & admin
Enter a login group for (oracle) [users]: oinstall

Enter another group that (oracle) should be a member of.
(<Return> only if none): dba

Enter another group that (oracle) should be a member of.
(<Return> only if none):
Enter a parent directory for (oracle) [/usr/users]: <CR>
The shells are:

/usr/bin/sh       /usr/bin/ksh      /bin/sh           /bin/ksh
/usr/bin/csh      /usr/bin/posix/sh /bin/csh

Enter a login shell for (oracle) [/bin/sh]: /bin/ksh

Adding new user...
You must enter a new password for (oracle).
Changing password for oracle.

New password:
Retype new password:
Hashed database not in use, only /etc/passwd text file updated.

Finished adding user account for (oracle).

Create additional directories for RAC configuration files.

mkdir /var/opt/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /var/opt/oracle
chmod 755 /var/opt/oracle

mkdir /usr/local/bin
chmod 755 /usr/local/bin

Append the following line to the ".profile" file under the apache home directory (/usr/users/apache).

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin; export PATH

Append the following line to the "/etc/services" file.

listener 1521/tcp # Oracle

Change the ownership of some filesystem directories.

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02

Append the following lines to the .profile file in the oracle users home directory (/usr/users/oracle).

TMP=/u01/temp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

# Oracle RAC
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/crs; export CRS_HOME
DB10G_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/db_1; export DB10G_HOME

BASE_PATH=.:$PATH:/usr/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
BASE_PATH=$BASE_PATH:/usr/opt/java142:/usr/opt/java142/bin; export BASE_PATH

ORACLE_HOME=$DB10G_HOME; export ORACLE_HOME

PATH=$BASE_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$CRS_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

member=`clu_get_info|grep "this member"|awk '{print $6}'`; export member
ORACLE_SID=db10g$member; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
SRVM_SHARED_CONFIG=/u01/db10g_configuration; export SRVM_SHARED_CONFIG

DISPLAY=server01:0.0; export DISPLAY

stty erase "^H"
set -o emacs
set filec

Make the Oracle directories.

mkdir /u01/tmp
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/crs
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
mkdir -p /u01/oradata/db10g
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/db10g

As we are using system wide clusterware we don't need to configure individual partitions. We must simply create the configuration and voting files.

touch /u01/db10g_configuration
touch /u01/css_voting

Login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +<machine-name>

CRS Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the "./crs/Disk1" directory.

./runInstaller

Enter "crs" as the home name and the "/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/crs" as the ORACLE_HOME then proceed with the installation entering the appropriate answers when requested. Be sure to run the $ORACLE_HOME/root.sh file on each node before proceeding with the configuration part of the installation.

DB Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing the following command in the Disk1 directory.

./runInstaller

With the exception of the cluster node selection screen the installation follows the usual format. Once the installation is complete run the root.sh on all nodes in the cluster when prompted.

You may wish to make some files member specific, although this is not necessary. The mkcdsl command creates context dependent symbolic links so that a single shared directory is actually link to a member-specific directory.

mkcdsl -ac /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/network/admin
mkcdsl -ac /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/network/agent
mkcdsl -ac /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/network/log

If for some reason you need to remove a CDSL simply remove the link directory and remove it from the inventory:

rm /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/network/agent
mkcdsl -i /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/network/agent

The physical member-specific directories will still be present so the original data can be copied back into the correct location before the member-specific directories are cleaned up manually.

If you create an instance during the installation the network files are created automatically. If no you must create them manually. First create the "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" file. This can be done using the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant (netca) or by adding the file manually to each node like:

LISTENER_SERVER01 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server01-v)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 123.123.123.1)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
      )
    )
  )

LISTENER_SERVER02 =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server02-v)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 123.123.123.2)(PORT = 1521))
      )
      (ADDRESS_LIST =
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
      )
    )
  )

Each node should have a copy of the "tnsnames.ora" file like.

db01g =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server01-v)(PORT = 1526))
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server02-v)(PORT = 1526))
    (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db01g.ORACLE-BASE.COM)
    )
  )

db01g1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server01-v)(PORT = 1526))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db01g.ORACLE-BASE.COM)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = db01g1)
    )
  )

db01g2 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server02-v)(PORT = 1526))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = db01g.ORACLE-BASE.COM)
      (INSTANCE_NAME = db01g2)
    )
  )

LISTENERS_db01g =
  (ADDRESS_LIST =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server01-v)(PORT = 1526))
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = server02-v)(PORT = 1526))
  )

The LISTENER_db10g entries are referenced by the SID.LOCAL_LISTENER and SID.REMOTE_LISTENER parameters in the spfile.

Run the following commands on all nodes to start the GSD daemon and the listener.

$CRS_HOME/bin/gsdctl start
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start

Starting the gsd daemon will take longer on subsequent nodes due to the extra inter-node communication.

Start dbca and select the cluster option. When prompted select all nodes in the cluster and proceed with install as normal. If the network configuration is not correct the DBCA will produce errors towards the end of the instance creation, but will complete successfully, leaving the instances down. If the network configuiration is amended the instances will start successfully.

If the DBCA produces "ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact" errors when attempting to connect to an instance, relink Oracle using the following commands and erstart the DBCA.

cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
make -f ins_rdbms.mk numa_off
make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle

Once the database instances are built they must be added to the cluster configuarion file to allow them to be managed by the srvctl utility. If this is the first clustered database in the server you must initialize the configuration.

srvconfig -init

Once this is done you can add and remove databases and their respective clustered instances using the srvctl utility.

# Add two-node cluster to config
srvctl add database -d db10g -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
srvctl add instance -d db10g -i  db10g1 -n server01
srvctl add instance -d db10g -i  db10g2 -n server02

# remove instance from cluster
srvctl remove instance -d db10g -i db10g2

# Start and stop cluster
srvctl start database -d db10g
srvctl stop database -d db10g

# Start and stop individual instance
srvctl start instance -d db10g -i db10g1
srvctl stop instance -d db10g -i db10g1

# Get status of whole database or specific instance
srvctl status database -d db10g
srvctl status instance -d db10g -i db10g1

# Get current database config
srvctl config database -d db10g

You can also get information about the current cluster configuarion from any open instance by ussuing the following queries.

CONN sys/password@db10g AS SYSDBA

SELECT instance_number,
       instance_name
FROM   v$instance;

SELECT *
FROM   v$active_instances;

Post Installation

Create a file called "/sbin/init.d/oracle" containing the following.

#!/bin/sh
#
# change the value of ORACLE_HOME to be correct for your
# installation
CRS_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/crs
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1
PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/crs/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/db_1/bin:/usr/sbin
HOST=`hostname`
#
# change the value of ORACLE to the login name of the
# oracle owner at your site
#
ORACLE=oracle
export ORACLE_HOME PATH
#
if [ ! "$2" = "ORA_DB" ] ; then
    rsh $HOST -l $ORACLE /sbin/init.d/oracle $1 ORA_DB
    exit
fi
#
LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/db_1/startup.log
touch $LOG
chmod a+r $LOG
#
member=`clu_get_info|grep "this member"|awk '{print $6}'`
#

case $1 in
'start')
        echo "$0: starting up" >> $LOG
        date >> $LOG
        # Start Oracle Net
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ;
        then
                echo "starting Oracle Net listener"
                $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1
        fi
        echo "starting Oracle databases"

        # Amended for RAC
        $CRS_HOME/bin/gsdctl start
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl start instance -d db10g -i db10g$member >> $LOG 2>&1
        ;;
'stop')
        echo "$0: shutting down" >> $LOG
        date >> $LOG
        # Stop Oracle Net
        if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/tnslsnr ] ;
        then
                echo "stopping Oracle Net listener"
                $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1
        fi
        echo "stopping Oracle databases"

        # Amended for RAC
        $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl stop instance -d db10g -i db10g$member >> $LOG 2>&1
        $CRS_HOME/bin/gsdctl stop
        ;;
*)
        echo "usage: $0 {start|stop}"
        exit
        ;;
esac
#
exit

Use chmod to set the privileges to 750.

chmod 750 /sbin/init.d/oracle

Add the following entry into the .rhosts file in the oracle user login home directory to allow root login access to the account.

<cluster-alias> root
<node1-name> root
<node2-name> root

Link the file into the startup and shutdown directories using.

ln -s /sbin/init.d/oracle /sbin/rc3.d/S99oracle
ln -s /sbin/init.d/oracle /sbin/rc0.d/K01oracle

Add root user to the dba and oinstall groups (/etc/group) to allow the script to function correctly. The relevant instances should now startup/shutdown automatically at system startup/shutdown.

Comment from Pascal Oegerli at www.edorex.ch - When using an ethernet gigabite card as the cluster interconnection instead of using memory channel the RDG protocol does not work. Therefore, you should relink the kernel to use ipc/udp protocol instead of RDG.

make -f ins_rdbms.mk rac_on ipc_udp ioracle

Client Network Configuration

Client applications can take advantage of RACs load balancing and failover features by adjusting their network parameters. A typical "tnsnames.ora" entry might look like.

db10g = 
  (DESCRIPTION= 
    (LOAD_BALANCE=ON)
    (FAILOVER=ON)
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=server01)(PORT=1521))
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=server02)(PORT=1521)) 
    (CONNECT_DATA=
      (SERVICE_NAME=db10g)
      (FAILOVER_MODE=
        (TYPE=SELECT) 
        (METHOD=BASIC)
        (RETRIES=20)
        (DELAY=15)
      )
    )
  )

Depending on your business needs you may wish to partition your processing across different nodes of the RAC depending on the type of processing like.

db10g_oltp = 
  (DESCRIPTION= 
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=server01)(PORT=1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=db10g))
  )

db10g_reports = 
  (DESCRIPTION= 
    (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=server02)(PORT=1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA= (SERVICE_NAME=db10g))
  )

For further information see:

Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

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