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Oracle Database 19c Installation On Oracle Linux 9 (OL9)

Oracle database 19c is supported on Oracle Linux 9, but you must be running on UEK7 and database patch version 19.19 or higher.

This article describes the installation of Oracle Database 19c 64-bit on Oracle Linux 9 (OL9) 64-bit. The article is based on a server installation with a minimum of 2G swap and secure Linux set to permissive. An example of this type of Linux installation can be seen here here.

Related articles.

Download Software

Download the Oracle software from OTN or MOS depending on your support status.

Hosts File

The "/etc/hosts" file must contain a fully qualified name for the server.

<IP-address>  <fully-qualified-machine-name>  <machine-name>

For example.

127.0.0.1       localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
192.168.56.107  ol9-19.localdomain  ol9-19

Set the correct hostname in the "/etc/hostname" file.

ol9-19.localdomain

Oracle Installation Prerequisites

Perform either the Automatic Setup or the Manual Setup to complete the basic prerequisites. The Additional Setup is required for all installations.

Automatic Setup

If you plan to use the "oracle-database-preinstall-19c" package to perform all your prerequisite setup, issue the following command.

# dnf install -y oracle-database-preinstall-19c

It is probably worth doing a full update as well, but this is not strictly speaking necessary.

# dnf update -y

It's worth running the all the DNF commands listed in the manual setup section. Depending on the OS package groups you have selected, some additional packages might also be needed.

If you are using RHEL9, you can pick up the RPM from the OL9 repository and install it. It will pull the dependencies from your normal repositories.

curl -o oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm https://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL9/appstream/x86_64/getPackage/oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

dnf -y localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm

Manual Setup

If you have not used the "oracle-database-preinstall-19c" package to perform all prerequisites, you will need to manually perform the following setup tasks.

Add the following lines to the "/etc/sysctl.conf" file, or in a file called "/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf".

fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Run one of the following commands to change the current kernel parameters, depending on which file you edited.

/sbin/sysctl -p
# Or
/sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf

Add the following lines to a file called "/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-database-preinstall-19c.conf" file.

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc    16384
oracle   hard   nproc    16384
oracle   soft   stack    10240
oracle   hard   stack    32768
oracle   hard   memlock    134217728
oracle   soft   memlock    134217728

The following packages are listed as required. Don't worry if some don't install. It won't prevent the installation.

dnf install -y bc
dnf install -y binutils
dnf install -y compat-openssl11
dnf install -y elfutils-libelf
dnf install -y fontconfig
dnf install -y glibc
dnf install -y glibc-devel
dnf install -y ksh
dnf install -y libaio
dnf install -y libasan
dnf install -y liblsan
dnf install -y libX11
dnf install -y libXau
dnf install -y libXi
dnf install -y libXrender
dnf install -y libXtst
dnf install -y libxcrypt-compat
dnf install -y libgcc
dnf install -y libibverbs
dnf install -y libnsl
dnf install -y librdmacm
dnf install -y libstdc++
dnf install -y libxcb
dnf install -y libvirt-libs
dnf install -y make
dnf install -y policycoreutils
dnf install -y policycoreutils-python-utils
dnf install -y smartmontools
dnf install -y sysstat

dnf install -y glibc-headers
dnf install -y ipmiutil
dnf install -y libnsl2
dnf install -y libnsl2-devel
dnf install -y net-tools
dnf install -y nfs-utils 

# Added by me.
dnf install -y gcc
dnf install -y unixODBC

Create the new groups and users.

groupadd -g 54321 oinstall
groupadd -g 54322 dba
groupadd -g 54323 oper 
#groupadd -g 54324 backupdba
#groupadd -g 54325 dgdba
#groupadd -g 54326 kmdba
#groupadd -g 54327 asmdba
#groupadd -g 54328 asmoper
#groupadd -g 54329 asmadmin
#groupadd -g 54330 racdba

useradd -u 54321 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

Uncomment the extra groups you require.

Additional Setup

Set the password for the "oracle" user.

passwd oracle

Set secure Linux to permissive by editing the "/etc/selinux/config" file, making sure the SELINUX flag is set as follows.

SELINUX=permissive

Once the change is complete, restart the server or run the following command.

# setenforce Permissive

If you have the Linux firewall enabled, you will need to disable or configure it, as shown here. To disable it, do the following.

# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

If you are not using Oracle Linux and UEK, you will need to manually disable transparent huge pages.

Create the directories in which the Oracle software will be installed.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
mkdir -p /u02/oradata
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 /u02
chmod -R 775 /u01 /u02

Putting mount points directly under root without mounting separate disks to them is typically a bad idea. It's done here for simplicity, but for a real installation "/" storage should be reserved for the OS.

Unless you are working from the console, or using SSH tunnelling, login as root and issue the following command.

xhost +<machine-name>

The scripts are created using the cat command, with all the "$" characters escaped. If you want to manually create these files, rather than using the cat command, remember to remove the "\" characters before the "$" characters.

Create a "scripts" directory.

mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

Create an environment file called "setEnv.sh". The "$" characters are escaped using "\". If you are not creating the file with the cat command, you will need to remove the escape characters.

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh <<EOF
# Oracle Settings
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=\$TMP

export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ol9-19.localdomain
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata

export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:\$PATH
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
EOF

Add a reference to the "setEnv.sh" file at the end of the "/home/oracle/.bash_profile" file.

echo ". /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

Create a "start_all.sh" and "stop_all.sh" script that can be called from a startup/shutdown service. Make sure the ownership and permissions are correct.

cat > /home/oracle/scripts/start_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbstart \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF


cat > /home/oracle/scripts/stop_all.sh <<EOF
#!/bin/bash
. /home/oracle/scripts/setEnv.sh

export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

dbshut \$ORACLE_HOME
EOF

chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/scripts
chmod u+x /home/oracle/scripts/*.sh

Once the installation is complete and you've edited the "/etc/oratab", you should be able to start/stop the database with the following scripts run from the "oracle" user.

~/scripts/start_all.sh
~/scripts/stop_all.sh

You can see how to create a Linux service to automatically start/stop the database here.

Installation

Log into the oracle user. If you are using X emulation then set the DISPLAY environmental variable.

DISPLAY=<machine-name>:0.0; export DISPLAY

Switch to the ORACLE_HOME directory, unzip the software directly into this path, unzip the patch software into an alternative path, and start the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) by issuing one of the following commands in the ORACLE_HOME directory. The interactive mode will display GUI installer screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will install the software without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line.

# Patch names and directories may vary depending patch numbers. Adjust as required.
export SOFTWARE_DIR=/u01/software
export OPATCH_FILE="p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip"
export PATCH_FILE="p35742413_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip"
export PATCH_TOP=${SOFTWARE_DIR}/35742413
export PATCH_PATH1=${PATCH_TOP}/35643107
export PATCH_PATH2=${PATCH_TOP}/35648110

# Unzip software.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
unzip -oq ${SOFTWARE_DIR}/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
unzip -oq ${SOFTWARE_DIR}/${OPATCH_FILE}

cd ${SOFTWARE_DIR}
unzip -oq ${SOFTWARE_DIR}/${PATCH_FILE}


# Fake Oracle Linux 8.
# Should not be necessary, but the installation fails without it on 19.21 DB RU + OJVM combo.
cd $ORACLE_HOME
export CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OL8

# Interactive mode.
./runInstaller

# Silent mode. Includes application of patch.
./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \
    -applyRU ${PATCH_PATH1}                                                    \
    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \
    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \
    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the root scripts when prompted.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
        2. /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

You can read more about silent installations here.

You are now ready to create a database, but it's better to patch the installation first if you have access to Oracle Support.

Patch Installation

For the installation to be supported you need to be on patch level 19.19 or later. To get the patches you need to have a valid Oracle Support CSI so you can download them from Oracle Support. This is an example of applying the 19.21 patch to a clean standalone installation without ASM and before a database is created. We already applied the main RU during the software installation, so we only need to patch the OJVM.

export SOFTWARE_DIR=/u01/software
export PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/OPatch:${PATH}
export OPATCH_FILE="p6880880_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip"
export PATCH_FILE="p35742413_190000_Linux-x86-64.zip"
export PATCH_TOP=${SOFTWARE_DIR}/35742413
export PATCH_PATH1=${PATCH_TOP}/35643107
export PATCH_PATH2=${PATCH_TOP}/35648110

cd ${PATCH_PATH2}
opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./
opatch apply -silent

For patches on real systems, always read the patch notes.

Database Creation

You create a database using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The interactive mode will display GUI screens to allow user input, while the silent mode will create the database without displaying any screens, as all required options are already specified on the command line.

# Start the listener.
lsnrctl start

# Interactive mode.
dbca

# Silent mode.
dbca -silent -createDatabase                                                   \
     -templateName General_Purpose.dbc                                         \
     -gdbname ${ORACLE_SID} -sid  ${ORACLE_SID} -responseFile NO_VALUE         \
     -characterSet AL32UTF8                                                    \
     -sysPassword SysPassword1                                                 \
     -systemPassword SysPassword1                                              \
     -createAsContainerDatabase true                                           \
     -numberOfPDBs 1                                                           \
     -pdbName ${PDB_NAME}                                                      \
     -pdbAdminPassword PdbPassword1                                            \
     -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE                                                \
     -memoryMgmtType auto_sga                                                  \
     -totalMemory 2000                                                         \
     -storageType FS                                                           \
     -datafileDestination "${DATA_DIR}"                                        \
     -redoLogFileSize 50                                                       \
     -emConfiguration NONE                                                     \
     -ignorePreReqs

You can read more about silent database creation here.

Post Installation

Edit the "/etc/oratab" file setting the restart flag for each instance to 'Y'.

cdb1:/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1:Y

Enable Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and make sure the PDB starts when the instance starts.

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_create_file_dest='${DATA_DIR}';
alter pluggable database ${PDB_NAME} save state;
exit;
EOF

For more information see:

Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

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