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Upgrade Non-CDB to Oracle Database 21c (AutoUpgrade)

Oracle 21c is an innovation release, so it may not be suitable for most production systems. Please read this before using Oracle 21c for anything real.

This article provides an overview of upgrading a non-CDB database to Oracle 21c on the same server using AutoUpgrade. Upgrades can be very complicated, so you must always read the upgrade manual, and test thoroughly before considering an upgrade of a production environment.

Related articles.

Assumptions

This article is focused on upgrading a non-CDB database. If your starting point is a database using the multitenant architecture, you should be reading this article instead.

This article assumes your source database is of a version supported for direct upgrade to 21c.

19c, 18c, 12.2

The non-CDB architecture is desupported in Oracle 21c, so we have two choices when upgrading a non-CDB database to 21c.

In this example we are doing an upgrade from 19c non-CDB to 21c using AutoUpgrade. The process is very similar for all supported versions.

It's important to have backups of everything before you start! Some of these steps are destructive, and if something goes wrong you have no alternative but to restore from backups and start again.

Remember, this article is not a replacement for reading the upgrade documentation. Each upgrade has the potential to be different, depending on what options are installed.

Prerequisites

Make sure you have all the OS prerequisites in place by running the 21c preinstall package. It probably makes sense to update the remaining packages also.

yum install -y oracle-database-preinstall-21c
yum update -y

Install 21c Software

You can read about the installation process in more detail here (OL7, OL8), but for this example we'll keep it brief. The following commands will perform a silent installation of the 21c software.

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export SOFTWARE_DIR=/u01/software
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory


mkdir -p ${ORACLE_HOME}
cd $ORACLE_HOME

/bin/unzip -oq ${SOFTWARE_DIR}/LINUX.X64_213000_db_home.zip

./runInstaller -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent                        \
    -responseFile ${ORACLE_HOME}/install/response/db_install.rsp               \
    oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY                                    \
    ORACLE_HOSTNAME=${ORACLE_HOSTNAME}                                         \
    UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall                                                   \
    INVENTORY_LOCATION=${ORA_INVENTORY}                                        \
    SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,en_GB                                                \
    ORACLE_HOME=${ORACLE_HOME}                                                 \
    ORACLE_BASE=${ORACLE_BASE}                                                 \
    oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba                                          \
    oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba                                    \
    oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba                                        \
    oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba                                       \
    SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false                                 \
    DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Run the root scripts when prompted.

As a root user, execute the following script(s):
        1. /u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

At this point you should also patch the new Oracle home, but in this case we will forgo that step to keep things simple.

Create 21c Container Database

We need to create a container database (CDB) as the destination for the resulting PDB. The following example create a CDB called "cdb1" with no PDBs.

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase true \
 -numberOfPDBs 0 \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oracle/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs

Prepare for db operation
10% complete
Copying database files
40% complete
Creating and starting Oracle instance
42% complete
46% complete
52% complete
56% complete
60% complete
Completing Database Creation
66% complete
69% complete
70% complete
Executing Post Configuration Actions
100% complete
Database creation complete. For details check the logfiles at:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1.
Database Information:
Global Database Name:cdb1
System Identifier(SID):cdb1
Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/cdb1/cdb13.log" for further details.
$

We enable the fast recovery area, Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and archivelog mode.

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF

You will need to adjust the instance parameters to make sure the container can cope with the demands of the final PDB, but for this example we will ignore that.

Run AutoUpgrade Analyze

Download the latest "autoupgrade.jar" file from MOS 2485457.1. If you don't have MOS access you can miss out the next step.

cd $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin
mv autoupgrade.jar autoupgrade.jar.`date +"%Y"-"%m"-"%d"`
cp /tmp/autoupgrade.jar .

Make sure you are using the original Oracle home before running the "autoupgrade.jar" commands.

export ORACLE_SID=mydb
export ORAENV_ASK=NO
. oraenv
export ORAENV_ASK=YES

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1

Generate a sample file for a non-CDB to PDB upgrade.

$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java \
  -jar $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar \
  -create_sample_file config /tmp/config.txt noncdbtopdb

Edit the resulting "/tmp/config.txt" file, setting the details for your required upgrade. In this case we used the following parameters.

upg1.log_dir=/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb
upg1.sid=mydb
upg1.source_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
upg1.target_cdb=cdb1
upg1.target_home=/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
upg1.target_pdb_name=mydb
#upg1.target_pdb_copy_option=file_name_convert=('emp', 'emppdb')
upg1.start_time=NOW          # Optional. 10 Minutes from now
upg1.upgrade_node=localhost  # Optional. To find out the name of your node, run the hostname utility. Default is 'localhost'
upg1.run_utlrp=yes           # Optional. Whether or not to run utlrp after upgrade
upg1.timezone_upg=yes        # Optional. Whether or not to run the timezone upgrade
upg1.target_version=21       # Oracle version of the target ORACLE_HOME.  Only required when the target Oracle database version is 12.2

Run the upgrade in analyze mode to see if there are any expected issues with the upgrade.

$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java \
  -jar $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar \
  -config /tmp/config.txt -mode analyze

AutoUpgrade tool launched with default options
Processing config file ...
+--------------------------------+
| Starting AutoUpgrade execution |
+--------------------------------+
1 databases will be analyzed
Type 'help' to list console commands
upg> Job 101 completed
------------------- Final Summary --------------------
Number of databases            [ 1 ]

Jobs finished                  [1]
Jobs failed                    [0]
Jobs pending                   [0]

Please check the summary report at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.html
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.log

The output files list the status of the analysis, and any manual intervention that is needed before an upgrade can take place. The output of the "status.log" file is shown below. The detail section gives a file containing the details of the steps in the upgrade process. If you've seen the output from the "preupgrade.jar", it will look familiar. If there are any required manual actions in the main log file, the detail file should give more information.

==========================================
          Autoupgrade Summary Report
==========================================
[Date]           Sun Aug 22 07:41:07 UTC 2021
[Number of Jobs] 1
==========================================
[Job ID] 101
==========================================
[DB Name]                mydb
[Version Before Upgrade] 19.12.0.0.0
[Version After Upgrade]  21.3.0.0.0
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PRECHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:40:55
[Duration]      0:00:12
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/101/prechecks/mydb_preupgrade.log
                Precheck passed and no manual intervention needed
------------------------------------------

The log directory contains a number of files, including a HTML format of the detailed report. It's the same information as the log file, but some people my prefer reading this format.

Once any required manual fixups are complete, run the analysis again and you should see a clean analysis report.

Run AutoUpgrade Deploy

We are now ready to run the database upgrade with the following command. The upgrade takes some time, so you will be left at the "upg" prompt until it's complete.

$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/jdk/bin/java \
  -jar $ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin/autoupgrade.jar \
  -config /tmp/config.txt -mode deploy

AutoUpgrade tool launched with default options
Processing config file ...
+--------------------------------+
| Starting AutoUpgrade execution |
+--------------------------------+
1 databases will be processed
Type 'help' to list console commands
upg>

Use the "help" command to see the command line options. We can list the current jobs and check on the job status using the following commands.

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|         MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:49:08|22%Upgraded MYDB|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> status -job 102
Progress
-----------------------------------
Start time:      21/08/22 07:44
Elapsed (min):   6
End time:        N/A
Last update:     2021-08-22T07:49:08.827
Stage:           DBUPGRADE
Operation:       EXECUTING
Status:          RUNNING
Pending stages:  7
Stage summary:
    SETUP             <1 min
    GRP               <1 min
    PREUPGRADE        <1 min
    PRECHECKS         <1 min
    PREFIXUPS         <1 min
    DRAIN             1 min
    DBUPGRADE         4 min (IN PROGRESS)

Job Logs Locations
-----------------------------------
Logs Base:    /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb
Job logs:     /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102
Stage logs:   /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade
TimeZone:     /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/temp

Additional information
-----------------------------------
Details:
[Upgrading] is [22%] completed for [mydb-mydb]
                 +---------+-------------+
                 |CONTAINER|   PERCENTAGE|
                 +---------+-------------+
                 |     MYDB|UPGRADE [22%]|
                 +---------+-------------+

Error Details:
None

upg>

Here is some sample output during the upgrade process.

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|                     MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
| 102|   mydb|PREFIXUPS|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:44:28|Loading database information|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|           MESSAGE|
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
| 102|   mydb|DRAIN|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:45:31|Executing describe|
+----+-------+-----+---------+-------+--------------+--------+------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:46:03|Running|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|    STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|         MESSAGE|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
| 102|   mydb|DBUPGRADE|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|07:55:09|52%Upgraded MYDB|
+----+-------+---------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+----------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|        STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|            MESSAGE|
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
| 102|   mydb|NONCDBTOPDBXY|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|08:02:46|noncdb_to_pdb - 64%|
+----+-------+-------------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------------+
Total jobs 1

upg> lsj
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
|Job#|DB_NAME|     STAGE|OPERATION| STATUS|    START_TIME| UPDATED|      MESSAGE|
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
| 102|   mydb|POSTFIXUPS|EXECUTING|RUNNING|21/08/22 07:44|08:09:53|Remaining 2/4|
+----+-------+----------+---------+-------+--------------+--------+-------------+
Total jobs 1

upg>

Once the job completes a summary message is displayed.

upg> Job 102 completed
------------------- Final Summary --------------------
Number of databases            [ 1 ]

Jobs finished                  [1]
Jobs failed                    [0]
Jobs pending                   [0]



Please check the summary report at:
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.html
/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/cfgtoollogs/upgrade/auto/status/status.log

The "status.log" contains the top-level information about the upgrade process.

==========================================
          Autoupgrade Summary Report
==========================================
[Date]           Sun Aug 22 08:11:31 UTC 2021
[Number of Jobs] 1
==========================================
[Job ID] 102
==========================================
[DB Name]                mydb
[Version Before Upgrade] 19.12.0.0.0
[Version After Upgrade]  21.3.0.0.0
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    GRP
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:09
[Duration]      0:00:01
[Detail]        Please drop the following GRPs after Autoupgrade completes:
                 AUTOUPGRADE_9212_MYDB1912000
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PREUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:11
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/preupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PRECHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:11
[Duration]      0:00:16
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prechecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prechecks/mydb_preupgrade.log
                Precheck passed and no manual intervention needed
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    PREFIXUPS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:27
[Duration]      0:00:15
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/prefixups
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    DRAIN
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:44:42
[Duration]      0:01:19
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/drain
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    DBUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 07:46:02
[Duration]      0:15:14
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    NONCDBTOPDBXY
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:01:16
[Duration]      0:08:25
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTCHECKS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:09:42
[Duration]      0:00:09
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postchecks
[Detail]        /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postchecks/mydb_postupgrade.log
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTFIXUPS
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:09:51
[Duration]      0:01:40
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postfixups
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    POSTUPGRADE
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:11:31
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/postupgrade
------------------------------------------
[Stage Name]    SYSUPDATES
[Status]        SUCCESS
[Start Time]    2021-08-22 08:11:31
[Duration]      0:00:00
[Log Directory] /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/sysupdates
------------------------------------------
Upgrade Summary: /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/autoupgrade/mydb/mydb/102/dbupgrade/upg_summary.log

Check out the "upg_summary.log" file, and if anything looks wrong, check out the associated log files. At this point I do a shutdown and startup to make sure everything is running in the correct mode.

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter pluggable database mydb save state;
shutdown immediate;
startup;

show pdbs
exit;
EOF

Final Steps

Edit the "/etc/oratab" file and any environment files as required.

If you are using APEX or ORDS, you probably want to validate them (validate APEX, validate ORDS).

Appendix

The following commands are used to rebuild the databases if you want to rerun the examples.

Rebuild the CDB1 multitenant database.

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/21.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB cdb1 -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname cdb1 -sid cdb1 -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase true \
 -numberOfPDBs 0 \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs


sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF

Rebuild the MYDB non-CDB database.

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=mydb

#dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourceDB mydb -sysDBAUserName sys -sysDBAPassword SysPassword1

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
 -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
 -gdbname mydb -sid mydb -responseFile NO_VALUE \
 -characterSet AL32UTF8 \
 -sysPassword SysPassword1 \
 -systemPassword SysPassword1 \
 -createAsContainerDatabase false \
 -databaseType MULTIPURPOSE \
 -memoryMgmtType auto_sga \
 -totalMemory 1536 \
 -storageType FS \
 -datafileDestination "/u02/oradata/" \
 -redoLogFileSize 50 \
 -emConfiguration NONE \
 -ignorePreReqs


sqlplus / as sysdba <<EOF
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=40g;
alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area';
alter system set db_create_file_dest = '/u02/oradata';
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
exit;
EOF

For more information see:

Hope this helps. Regards Tim...

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